VAT Calculator
Add VAT to a net price, or work out the net from a VAT-inclusive total — at 20%, 5%, or any other rate.
Add VAT
Adding 20% VAT to £100.00 gives £120.00 — that's £20.00 of VAT on top of the net amount.
Results update as you type.
Formula
Adding VAT is a single multiplication:
gross = net × (1 + rate / 100).
The VAT amount itself is
vat = net × rate / 100. Switching to the
Remove tab works backwards from a VAT-inclusive total:
net = gross / (1 + rate / 100).
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Frequently asked questions
What are the UK VAT rates?▾
The UK has three rates: 20% (standard, applies to most goods and services), 5% (reduced, for things like home energy and children's car seats), and 0% (zero-rated, for most food, books, and children's clothing). A small set of items are VAT-exempt entirely — different from zero-rated. This calculator works at any rate you enter.
When do I need to register for VAT?▾
UK businesses with VAT-taxable turnover above £90,000 in any rolling 12-month period must register with HMRC; below that, registration is voluntary. Voluntary registration can be worth it if you sell to other VAT-registered businesses, since you can reclaim VAT on your own purchases. This calculator handles the maths regardless of whether you're VAT-registered.
What does 'VAT inclusive' or 'VAT-inclusive' mean?▾
A VAT-inclusive (or 'gross') price already includes VAT — that's the figure on the receipt. A VAT-exclusive (or 'net') price is before VAT is added. Use the Add VAT tab when you have a net price; use Remove VAT when you have the gross and want to know how much of it is VAT.
How do I work out VAT on an invoice?▾
Use the Add VAT tab. Enter the net amount you're charging and the VAT rate (usually 20%). The calculator shows the VAT to add and the gross total. For UK invoices you must show the VAT rate, the VAT amount in pounds, and the gross figure separately.
Is there a difference between 'VAT' and 'sales tax'?▾
Yes — though the everyday maths is the same. VAT is collected at every stage of production and reclaimable by registered businesses; sales tax (US-style) is collected once at the point of sale to the final consumer. The mathematical operation of 'add a percentage' is identical, which is why this calculator works for both.